Scientific Method and Media Piece Article Essay - 715 Words

Name:Mark Delarosa 1. Find a media piece—article, video, presentation, song, or other—related to the scientific method, creating hypotheses, or designing experiments. Include the link or reference citation for the piece and describe how it helped you better understand how the scientific method is used to create hypotheses and experiments. The book â€Å"Campbell Essential Biology with Physiology† discusses how athletes today are using certain types of steroids to enhance their performance. However, do the steroids alone give them super abilities? Or is it a combination of both god given abilities and the steroids? This in my opinion is one of the most interesting scientific topics of today. After reading â€Å"Campbell Essential Biology with†¦show more content†¦In Ophardt (2003), is says, â€Å"Nutrition is a science that deals with the relation of food substance to living things.† (Metabolism Overview, para. 3.). Reading this article made me realize this noting more than proper dieting and exercising; the less you exercise equals burning less calories, which means gaining weight or staying at the same weight. It is very obvious people in today’s society do not fully understand this basic concept. Ophardt (2003), also reinforced the importance of a well balanced diet and a good exercis e program. It all comes down to, the more you exercise, the more calories you will burn, which will allow you to take in more or help you lose a few extra pounds. 4. Find a media piece—article, video, presentation, song, or other—that compares structures and functions of different cell types. Include the link or reference citation for the piece and describe how it helped you better compare structures and functions of different cell types. Cells come in different types serve a certain purpose. Cells are unique for a reason, and in most cells there are some similarities. But, in plants and animals the difference could not be any more evident. Plants do not have a skeleton, while animals do. I learned plants are firm and strong because of their cell wall, which is made of cellulose and chloroplast. Cells are a living thing with different entities, which allows the cell to live and function on a daily basis. According to (1998-1999),Show MoreRelatedMedia Reviews: What Is Life?758 Words   |  3 Pages Q1. Find a media piece article, video, presentation, song, or other related to the scientific method, creating hypotheses, or designing experiments. Include the link or reference citation for the piece and describe how it helped you better understand how the scientific method is used to create hypotheses and experiments. Even children are capable of understanding the scientific method. On a website intended to help children with their science fair projects, the steps of the method are carefullyRead MoreWhat Is Life? Article Reviews Assignment764 Words   |  3 Pagesï » ¿What Is Life? Read each statement. Write a 100-word summary explaining how that media piece supports that statement and  include reference citations. Find a media piece article, video, presentation, song, or other related to the scientific method, creating hypotheses, or designing experiments. Include the link or reference citation for the piece and describe how it helped you better understand how the scientific method is used to create hypotheses and experiments. URL: HYPERLINK http://www.foodnetworkRead MoreWhat Is Life? Worksheet1661 Words   |  7 PagesKen Wisnieski BIO101 8/31/15 Sheryl Wildt What Is Life? Part I: Media Relevancy Read each statement. Write a 100-word summary explaining how the chosen media piece supports the statement. Include reference citations. 1. Find a media piece—article, video, presentation, song, or other—that recognizes the fundamental concepts of chemistry in biology. Include the link or reference citation for the piece and describe how it helped you better understand how fundamental concepts of chemistryRead MoreTeens Eating Better Than Gaining Weight1192 Words   |  5 PagesMass media articles in the past have been known to exaggerate and over-simplify scientific findings in an attempt to attract readers of all backgrounds. Although this accommodation draws in more readers and introduces the main scientific ideas to a more diverse crowd, by altering the audience as well as the findings, the mass media now has the ability to make their own conclusions using the scientific article’s original findings as supporting evidence. In Kathryn Hulick’s article, Teens eating betterRead More Climate Change: The Sciences, the Media, and Politics Essay1468 Words   |  6 PagesThe roles of science, the media, and politics greatly influence public opinion and understanding of the world around us. These three spheres of information and action are invariably linked when discussing complex global issues like climate change. However, the presentation and resolution of disagreement within the three spheres is incredibly independent. The many ways that climate change, specifically the debate on the existence of climate change, is portrayed within these spheres can greatly affectRead MoreWhat Are The Methods Used To Analyze The Results Of The PREDIMED Trial?941 Words   |  4 PagesSome of the methods used to analyze the results of the PREDIMED trial includes Cox proportional-hazard modeling to compute hazard ratios for each Mediterranean diet and the control group outcomes.3 The hazard ratios for the primary endpoints were 0.70 (95% confidence interval [CI]:0.53 – 0.91) for both Mediterranean with EVOO and 0.70 (95% CI:0.53 – 0.94) for the Mediterranean diet with mixed nuts, where a ratio that is 1 is interpreted an unlikely rate that the primary endpoint will occur.3 TheRead MoreThe Media And Health And Safety Of The Worlds Population1738 Words   |  7 Pagesintroduction of vaccines, medicines, and other medical equipment, the scientific world has prevented the spread of diseases, the possibility of an epidemic, and another devastating pandemic in history like the black plague. Although vaccines provide a resistance to diseases, many people question the safety of them. There is a famous theory that vaccines cause autism due to the chemicals within the vaccines, even though scientific evidence denies any connection. One of the reasons that this theory stillRead MoreThe Mass Media1168 Words   |  5 Pagescommon to believe that when reporting scientific studies the mass media is accurate in reporting what the research presents in a condensed format while still maintaining accurate information. However the two articles that will be presented wil l show that although it does present information found in the research there are certain aspects that are changed. As Keith Grant Davie stated before each rhetorical situation is shaped by its four constituents and the two articles below will verify his findings whichRead MoreSocial Media And Public Security1435 Words   |  6 Pagesthermometer after their exposure to fact-checking information about their candidates. In Hannak et. al (2014) article, the authors presented the idea that social media is a form of communication that undermining the public security. Social media communication is also a form of communication that can be distracted anyone from important issues. Like Graves and Glaisyer (2012), the article starts off explaining how false information, in term of gossip, was a form of casual talk between peers and thatRead MoreAnalysis Of The NFL821 Words   |  4 PagesWilliams and Manchester’s influential New York Times article about the neuropathologist, Dr Anne M cKee’s intensive study on the brains of 202 deceased American Football players (Ward, Williams and Manchester, 2017). 110 of which were found to have CTE, a progressive disease linked to repeated shocks to the head. The article received critical acclaim and was the talking point during of a lot of NFL board meetings and discussions throughout the media. With the NFL receiving so much scrutiny about the

An Effective Treatment of Kidney Failure Essay - 592 Words

An Effective Treatment of Kidney Failure The kidney can fail for many reasons, when it does it leaves the sufferer with an inability to filter out harmful substances in the blood. This leads to a number of symptoms. The first treatment for kidney failure would normally be dialysis, there are two techniques. Haemodialysis cleans blood outside the body by using a pump to pump out the blood and through a dialyser. This filters out the blood via diffusion and pumps the clean blood back around the body to pick up more toxins and back to the dialyser. It also takes out the excess water, this is called ultrafiltation. It needs to be done for four hours, three times a week. Peritoneal dialysis†¦show more content†¦There can be problems with fluid leaks in the groin or around the catheter when dialysis starts. Infections are the major risk - either in the exit site or most importantly in the tummy itself, peritonitis. In the long term, there can be a thickening of the peritoneal membrane so that it does not work efficiently. The dialysis fluid may need to be changed or switched to haemodialysis. The treatment of dialysis is used in conjunction with a special diet that has to be customized to each individual. Because the kidney takes away so many different toxins from the blood it is important to have regular blood tests to see what is missing from the diet. Medication is also a big factor in treating kidney failure; once it is established what is missing, drugs can be given to help It is possible to be considered for a kidney transplant. A transplant of a healthy kidney from someone who has died is called a cadaveric transplant it is the most common in this country, but it is possible to receive a kidney from a living donor who is a suitable match. If the person is a close relative, this is called a living related transplant. It may be possible to receive a kidney from someone who is not a relative - such as a husband, wife, partner or good friend. This is a living unrelated transplant. Over 1,500 kidney transplants are performed in the UK every yearShow MoreRelatedDiabetic Nephropathy : An Irreversible Kidney Failure843 Words   |  4 PagesDiabetic nephropathy, an irreversible kidney failure, continues to be the most common cause of end stage renal disease requiring either a kidney transplant or renal replacement therapies, such as dialysis (Bilous, 2013). Worldwide, approximately fifty percent of cases of end-stage chronic kidney disease are caused by di abetes mellitus, with type II comprising the majority (Vladu, 2014). The prevalence of diabetes has been estimated to increase worldwide with the total number of diabetics rising fromRead MoreAdvantages And Disadvantages Of Renal Replacement Therapy1518 Words   |  7 PagesRenal Replacement Therapy (Haemodialysis vs. Kidney Transplant) Kidneys are organs which are located at the back of the abdominal cavity; they are necessary because they filter waste products such as nitrogen from the bloodstream, reabsorb necessary products (e.g. sodium and water) and remove the waste as urea via the ureter. The specific part of the kidney that filters waste products is called the nephron. There are millions of these filters within the kidney tissue, which take blood from the renalRead MoreLiving with Kidney Disease795 Words   |  3 PagesLiving With Kidney Dialysis There are two kidneys, each about the size of a fist, located on either side of the spine at the lowest level of the rib cage in the human body. Each kidney contains up to a million functioning units called nephrons (CJASN). A nephron consists of a filtering unit of tiny blood vessels called a glomerulus attached to a tubule, is a general anatomical term referring to any portion of the tubule of the nephron or of the collection duct system of the kidney (American SocietyRead MoreAcute Decompensested Heart Failure Case Study1183 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction: Acutely decompensated congestive heart failure is a common presentation of patients presenting to the emergency department. Typically these patients present with shortness of breath and significant pulmonary edema. Traditionally the initial treatment in such patients has consisted of intravenous diuretics (1). This has been the mainstay of treatment for decades but may not be the most effective means of treating these patients (2). For a condition that accounts for 800,000 emergencyRead MoreManaging Renal Condition Of Renal Insufficiency991 Words   |  4 PagesThe Urinary system consists of two kidneys, two ureters, a single urinary bladder and a single urethra. The Kidneys are located in the abdominal cavity, with the right kidney just below the liver, and the left kidney below the spleen. The ureters extend from the kidneys to the urinary bladder within the pelvic cavity. An adrenal gland is located at the superior pole of each kidney. The kidneys are located behind the parietal peritoneum. Surrounding each kidney is the perirenal fat. The renal arteriesRead MoreEnd Stage Renal Disease: Economics and the Balance of Treatment Modalities1517 Words   |  6 Pagesdisease economics and the balance of treatment modalities. Name Professor Institution Course Date End stage renal disease economics and the balance of treatment modalities. Introduction The main role of the kidney in the maintenance of the body mechanisms is to remove excess fluids and toxin from the body as urine. The process through which human beings remove urine from the body entails re-absorption and excretion thus complexity of the process. Kidney focuses on the stabilization of theRead MoreChronic Kidney Disease : Diagnosis, Treatment, And Lifestyle1147 Words   |  5 PagesChronic Kidney Disease: Diagnosis, Treatment, and Lifestyle Recommendations Janelle Giggey Nur6531 Walden University August 2, 2015 Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a condition characterized by a gradual loss of kidney function over time (kidney.org, 2015). Renal failure is a complex and challenging health issue that demands the involvement of both specialists and primary care providers (Buttaro, Trybulski, Polgar, Bailey, Sandberg-Cook, 2013). In this paper I will discuss what chronicRead MoreHow Does Chronic Kidney Disease Affect the Level of Organization?1747 Words   |  7 PagesHOW DOES DISEASE AFFECT THE LEVEL OF ORGANIZATION? * THE KIDNEY There are two kidneys, each about the size of a fist, located on either side of the spine at the lowest level of the rib cage. Each kidney contains up to a million functioning units called nephrons. A nephron consists of a filtering unit of tiny blood vessels called a glomerulus attached to a tubule. When blood enters the glomerulus, it is filtered and the remaining fluid then passes along the tubule. In the tubule, chemicals andRead MoreTreatment And Treatment Of Dialysis Treatment1380 Words   |  6 Pagesconditions, your kidneys are responsible for multiple functions such as cleaning blood, producing hormones, balancing electrolytes, and maintaining blood pressure in the body. 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Management and Organizational Behaviour

Questions: 1. Identifying the main issue that Jack needs to consider. 2. The technique of gaining benefits by applying the rationale decision-making process to address the issues. 3. Describing three different resources that are available to Jack. 4. Identifying, explaining and applying one of the organizational strategies. Answers: (1). The case study indicates that Glasshouse Avocados gained a significant advantage from the existing market. However, like every business, there have been certain issues that need to be considered. Jacks major vision was to develop and continue the business with avocados since they can be produced in a larger amount. The production margin of avocado was going down in compared to the production of previous years. Jack observed that the supermarket business in Queensland was progressively consolidated. In addition, the operation of Boutique had been set up on the Sunshine Coast, which mainly targets the local organic market with high quality of products. The Boutique operator had set premium pricing strategies for the high quality of products and services. On the contrary, the organizations from other country were importing the products at low price and creating a competitive environment, which was a pressure on Glasshouse Avocado. As mentioned in the case study, that competition from th e cheap imports was driving the price down, which was largely affecting the profits of Glasshouse Avocado. Apart from all these issues, another significant challenge, which Jack had to deal with, was increasing cost of maintaining irrigation equipment as well as managing root rot in the plants across the orchard. On the contrary, the changing climate was also affecting the production of avocados. Jack experienced that they did not focus on the key success factors of nutrition management of the trees and enhance irrigation techniques. However, it is important to focus on the factors that influence the production of avocados before analyzing the external factors. Jack could take suggestions from the experienced botanists who have knowledge regarding irrigation techniques and harvest. Appropriate implementation of these techniques could help to control the damages that occurred due to rotation as well as harvesting problems. In addition, Jack also needs to consider the external factors such as aggressive techniques of importers and implementation of premium pricing strategies. As mentioned b y Jiang et al. (2012), to control damage in business, it is necessary to focus on developing the quality of business. Thus, by developing the quality of products, one could maximize market share. Nevertheless, to increase the market share, it is necessary to sell the products at low price using penetrative pricing strategy. (2). As mentioned by McShane and Von Glinow (2012), rationale decision-making process is consisting of a number of steps from problem identification through solution, for making a rationale decision. While applying this particular technique, it is necessary for the marketers to focus on certain aspects such as formulation of a goal, identification of the criteria for making the decisions, recognizing the alternatives and some other steps. Hence, the major objective of Glasshouse Avocados is to increase the tones of production and gain profits in the niche market. The heads of the organization is also determined to expand the business into specialty niche market such as Kiwi Fruits to maximize the capacity of business. The techniques required to resolve the issues found in the case study can be implemented with the help some decision making theories. There have been multiple type theories on decision making such as organizational Process Model and rationality in decision-making. It is obse rved that centralized decision-making theory is usually applied when a centralized organizational decision is made from to down. However, for the current issues faced by Jack, it is necessary to implement the theory of rationality. The steps involved in rational decision-making helps to resolve the issues quite easily. For example, rational decision-making could help marketers to search other alternatives. Once the alternatives are found, further evaluation can be done. While deciding about the alternatives, the marketers could go through three fundamental approaches such as experience, experimentation and Research and Analysis. Hence, Jack needs to set the criteria for making the rational decision. They could focus on the quality of products to deal with the external challenge. As commented by Hu et al. (2012), when the profit margin is going down, it is important to focus on the internal aspects instead of rushing into external environment. However, Chiang and Hsieh (2012) added that a business always is dependent o n both external and internal environment; thus, the marketers make sure that no such as aspect is left behind, which is significant. Thus, it can be mentioned that in order to resolve the issues such as poor production, external threats from Queensland and premium pricing strategies of competitors, Glasshouse Avocado firstly needs to focus on developing the quality of products. Jack faced the issues of production due to poor implementation of techniques of planting, irrigation, yield management and pest control. Jack needs to focus on these factors to resolve the issues of production. The organ ization should find out the current market trends and the market forces that influence the market largely. For example, they could conduct a customer analysis to identify the needs and demands of people in the local organic market. It is also important to identify the strategies used by competitors in the industry. Thereafter, the organization could make the final decision. This means they could work on the identified aspects such as quality development, pricing strategies, distribution of products and other aspect. Further, it can be added that to expand the business or enter into a new market could be apprehensive for the organization at the initial stage. Thus, the company could implement the strategies of franchising, joint venturing. This could help to learn the needs and demands of new market and then implement the required strategies. (3). It is evident that a business usually includes different types of resources. The organizations have to deal with each resource to make an effective operation for the purpose of development of business. However, it is also observed that business may not get all resource equally at hand, which results in poor growth and loss of capital. The cases study indicates that Jack has a major resource of avocado based on which he could further expand the business. The production of avocado is huge; thus, it is easy to take decision to resolve the issue associated with the business. As mentioned Argote (2012), when the major materials are plentiful or available, the business will not take plenty of time to successfully dominate the market. Jacks father had the belief that Sunshine Coast should be self-sufficient particular in their food production. Thus, a general belief formed by Errol is by providing enough food for the developing population, the needs and demands of people can be satisfied ra ther replying on the importers. Thus, it can be mentioned that tones of avocado is the large resources for the organization Glasshouse Avocado to fight against the obstacle. On the contrary, custard apple as well as passion fruit is one of the effective resources available to Jack. However, the availability of this particular resource is not plentiful. Therefore, it will not be a good decision to reply on custard apple and fruit. In addition, the competitors are also dominating the market with their aggressive marketing strategies. Another major challenge faced by the organization was the trend of targeting the local organic market. The Sunshine Coast was fully dependent on the organic food market. Therefore, relying on custard apple would not be a good option for Glasshouse Avocado to lead the business in competitive market. Another significant resource, which was rare to Jack, is the technology. The organization Glasshouse Avocado required developing the technology for production of avocado. However, the heads of the organizations have only focused on the organic food but there should be a technical implementation to filter the food. When other organiz ations in the organic food market are in the rush of developing the quality of the products, Avocado is dealing with the issue of production. By applying the technology, Avocado could harvest the crops effectively. Lastly, it can be mentioned that absence of technology is the rare resource to Glasshouse Avocado. (4). Since the people understood about the trends of globalization, the organizations in every industry are in the rush developing and implementing the strategy to overcome the potential challenge in business. In the case study, it is observed that the organization Glasshouse Avocado is facing the issues of production as well as cheap imports. Thus, to resolve the issue, the organization could implement new market entry strategy such as Ansoff Matrix. Figure 1: Ansoff matrix There have been four different aspects associated with the strategy namely market development, diversification, market penetration and product development (Chrisman and Patel 2012). The organization could target different geographical market and then identify the opportunities as well as threats in different market. This is how the organization could develop the market. The next segment is product diversification, which is usually risky as there is little scope for implementing this strategy (Dezs and Ross, 2012). However, Jack has another option to continue the business with avocado, which is Custard Apple and Fruits. The organization could focus on this significant alternative for further developing the business. Thereafter, the organization could focus implement the pricing strategy as introducing a loyalty scheme and launch price and other offers with products and services. In order to penetrate the market, Avocado could buy a competitor company especially in the mature market. The last phase of the strategy is to pay attention on product development. Hence, Avocado could extend its products through the production of different variants or repackaging the existing products. As mentioned by Shin (2012), development of related product or services is also one of the significant strategies. In addition, the organization also needs to focus on customer service to retain the customers for long period. References Argote, L., 2012.Organizational learning: Creating, retaining and transferring knowledge. Springer Science Business Media. Chiang, C.F. and Hsieh, T.S., 2012. The impacts of perceived organizational support and psychological empowerment on job performance: The mediating effects of organizational citizenship behavior.International Journal of Hospitality Management,31(1), pp.180-190. Chrisman, J.J. and Patel, P.C., 2012. Variations in RD investments of family and nonfamily firms: Behavioral agency and myopic loss aversion perspectives.Academy of management Journal,55(4), pp.976-997. Dezs, C.L. and Ross, D.G., 2012. Does female representation in top management improve firm performance? A panel data investigation.Strategic Management Journal,33(9), pp.1072-1089. Hu, Q., Dinev, T., Hart, P. and Cooke, D., 2012. Managing employee compliance with information security policies: the critical role of top management and organizational culture*.Decision Sciences,43(4), pp.615-660. Jiang, K., Lepak, D.P., Hu, J. and Baer, J.C., 2012. How does human resource management influence organizational outcomes? A meta-analytic investigation of mediating mechanisms.Academy of management Journal,55(6), pp.1264-1294. McShane, S. and Von Glinow, M., 2012.Organizational behavior. McGraw-Hill Higher Education. Shin, Y., 2012. CEO ethical leadership, ethical climate, climate strength, and collective organizational citizenship behavior.Journal of Business Ethics,108(3), pp.299-312.

Taming Of The Shrew Analysis Essays - The Taming Of The Shrew

Taming Of The Shrew Analysis The Taming of the Shrew: Act IV Scene I Grumio arrives at Petruchio's house after accompanying Petruchio and Kate on a long journey from Padua. Grumio affirms the fact that the servants are well prepared for the new couple's arrival. He tells Curtis, another servant to Petruchio, of an incident that occurred on the trip. Katherina's horse had thrown on her off and then remained on top of her. Petruchio's reaction was not to assist Katherina, but to strike Grumio for letting the horse fall. Grumio also explains how Kate actually tried to stop Petruchio's physical attack on Grumio. Here, we can plainly see the beginning of ?the taming? of Katherina, the shrew. When the couple arrives at the house, Petruchio demonstates anger toward Grumio for not having someone at the door to welcome them. The two are served food and drink, but Petruchio acts like a tyrant by complaining that the meat is overcooked. He also yells at a servant for accidentally spilling water. Once again, Kate interjects that the meat was cooked fine and the water was spilled accidentally and the servant should not be punished. Petruchio refuses to eat and decides that they should fast for the evening and he shows Kate to her room. Bibliography Riverside Shakespeare Shakespeare Essays

A homework Essays

A homework Essays A homework Essay A homework Essay A market-oriented firm will locate closest to its customers and the market. The cost of shipping its output is much higher than shipping its input. 2. Depict graphically the effects of the following changes of the bat firms cost curves. (shown in Figure AAA-1, Page 39). Explain any changes in the optimum location. A. The cost of shipping bats increases from $2 per ton to $4 per ton, while the cost of shipping wood remains at $1 per ton. After doubling the price of shipping bats, the new optimum location for the firm is O miles from the market. This is because the new cost of shipping bats 0 miles is $120, while the cost of shipping wood 10 miles is $100. B. The forest at point F burns down, forcing the firm to use wood from point G which is 10 miles west of point F (20 miles from the market) Given the initial conditions of the problem, if you double the distance of the forest from the market, the cost of shipping wood 20 miles doubles to $200, and the cost of shipping bats doubles to $120. The optimum location for the firm would be O miles from the forest, which is now 20 miles from the market. . The firm starts producing bats with wood and cork, using three tons of DOD and two tons of cork to produce three tons of bats. (Cork is ubiquitous (available at all locations for the same price). Since cork is ubiquitous, it is not included in the monetary weight of inputs. The input of wood is reduced to 3 tons, so the new monetary weight for inputs would be $3. It now costs half as much to transport inputs than outputs, so the n ew optimum location is O miles from the market. 5. Consider a firm that delvers video rentals to its customers. See figure AAA-3, Page 42) The spatial distribution of its customers is as follows: 10 videos are levered to location W, 10 miles due west of the city center; 50 videos are delivered to the city center; 25 videos are delivered to E, 1 mile due east of the city center, and 45 videos are delivered to point F, 2 miles due east of the city. Production costs are the same at all locations. A. Using a graph, explain where the firm should locate. Explain your location choice. Location E would be the most efficient median location. The total delivery distance at this location would be 205 miles, which is the least of all the locations. The median action will be the location where the total delivery distance is minimized. B . Suppose that point W is a valley and point F is at the top of a mountain. Wherefore, the unit cost of easterly transport (shipments from west to east) is twice the unit costs of westerly transport. If production costs are the same at all locations, where should the firm locate? Explain. Location F would be the most efficient median location. The total delivery distance at this location would be 245 miles, which is the least of all the locations. The median location will be the location where the total delivery distance is minimized. In figure AAA-4, page 44, the weight-losing firm is located at point P (the port). If the monetary weight of location B is $27 instead of $1 5, will the firm still locate at point P? No. The firm would locate one mile closer to location B. This would decrease the cost of logs from point B by $27, while increasing the cost of logs from point A by $1 5 and increasing the output transport costs by $10. This would result in a decrease of $2 in total costs. 8. There is some evidence that people have become more sensitive to air pollution.

The Peters Projection and the Mercator Map

The Peters Projection and the Mercator Map Proponents of the Peters projection map claim that their map is a good, fair, and non-racist view of the world. Theyre comparing their map to the almost-defunct Mercator map. Unfortunately, geographers and cartographers agree that neither map projection is appropriate for use as a map of our planet. The Mercator vs. Peters controversy is truly a moot point. Both maps are rectangular projections and are poor representations of the planet. But heres how each came to prominence and in most cases, misuse. The Peters Projection German historian and journalist Arno Peters called a press conference in 1973 to announce his new map projection that treated each country fairly by representing area accurately. The Peters projection map used a rectangular coordinate system that showed parallel lines of latitude and longitude. Skilled at marketing, Arno claimed that his map more fairly displayed third world countries than the popular Mercator projection map, which distorts and dramatically enlarges the size of Eurasian and North American countries.   While the Peters projection does (almost) represent the land of equal area equally, all map projections distort the shape of the earth, a sphere.   Peters Picks Up Popularity   Proponents of the Peters map were vociferous and demanded that organizations switch to the new, fairer map of the world. Even the United Nations Development Programme began using the Peters projection in its maps. But the popularity of the Peters Projection may have been due to a lack of knowledge about basic cartography.   Today, relatively few organizations use the map, yet the evangelizing continues.   Peters chose to compare his strange-looking map to the Mercator map because he knew that it was an inappropriate map of the earth. Defenders of the Peters projection claim that the Mercator projection distorts the size of countries and continents in the Northern Hemisphere and a  place like Greenland appears to be the same size as Africa, yet Africas land mass is actually fourteen times larger. These claims are certainly all true and correct. The Mercator map was never intended to be used as a wall map and by the time Peters started complaining about it, the Mercator map was well on its way out of fashion anyway. The Mercator Map The Mercator projection was developed in 1569 by Gerardus Mercator as a navigation tool. Like the Peters map, the grid is rectangular and lines of latitude and longitude are all parallel. The Mercator map was designed as an aid to navigators since straight lines on the Mercator projection are loxodromes or rhumb lines representing lines of constant compass bearing perfect for true direction. If a navigator wishes to sail from Spain to the West Indies, all he has to do is draw a line between the two points and the navigator knows which compass direction to continually sail to reach their destination. The Mercator map has always been a poor projection for a world map, yet due to its rectangular grid and shape, geographically illiterate publishers found it useful for wall maps, atlas maps, and maps in books and newspapers published by non-geographers. It became the standard map projection in the mental map of most westerners. The argument against the Mercator projection by the pro-Peters folks usually discusses its advantage for colonial powers by making Europe look a lot larger than it actually is on the globe. Mercator No Longer Widely Used Fortunately, over the past few decades, the Mercator projection has fallen into disuse from many reliable sources. In a 1980s study, two British geographers discovered that the Mercator map did not exist among dozens of atlases examined. But some major map companies still produce wall maps using the Mercator projection.   In 1989, seven North American professional geographic organizations (including the American Cartographic Association, National Council for Geographic Education, Association of American Geographers, and the National Geographic Society) adopted a resolution that called for a ban on all rectangular coordinate maps. The resolution called for the complete elimination of the use of the Mercator as well as the Peters projection. But what to replace them with? Alternatives to Mercator and Peters Non-rectangular maps have been around for a long time. The National Geographic Society adopted the Van der Grinten projection, which encloses the world in a circle, in 1922. Then in 1988, they switched to the Robinson projection, on which the high latitudes are less distorted in size (but more so in shape). Also in 1998, the Society began using the Winkel Tripel projection, which provides a slightly better balance between size and shape than the Robinson projection. Compromise projections like the Robinson or Winkle Tripel present the world in a more globe-like look and are strongly encouraged by geographers. These are the types of projections youll see on maps of continents or of the world today.

Criminal law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words - 3

Criminal law - Essay Example In one hand we have the punishment of the aggressor and in the other we have the guarantee of the victim’s protection, care, assistance and compensation.2 To this end, it is necessary to strengthen the protection of fundamental rights in the light of changes in society, social progress and scientific and technological developments by making those rights more visible in a Charter. The dignity of the human person is not only a fundamental right in itself but constitutes the real basis of fundamental rights. The 1948 Universal Declaration of Human Rights enshrined this principle in its preamble: Whereas recognition of the inherent dignity and of the equal and inalienable rights of all members of the human family is the foundation of freedom, justice and peace in the world. It results that none of the rights laid down in this Charter may be used to harm the dignity of another person, and that the dignity of the human person is part of the substance of the rights laid down in this Charter. The right to life is nowadays universally acknowledged as a basic or fundamental human right. It is basic or fundamental because "the enjoyment of the r ight to life is a necessary condition of the enjoyment of all other human rights."3 As indicated by the Inter-American Court of Human Rights in its Advisory Opinion on Restrictions to the Death Penalty (1983), the human right to life encompasses a "substantive principle" whereby every human being has an inalienable right to have his life respected, and a "procedural principle" whereby no human being shall be arbitrarily deprived of his life4 Its uniqueness lies in the fact that it represents a right which the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights the International Covenant of Economic, Social and Cultural Rights and other international worldwide charter of rights, proclaiming universal and fundamental freedoms, which transcend national, religious, cultural and ideological

Case Study 2 -part 2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Case Study 2 -part 2 - Essay Example The average for the machine type one is the highest at 639.093 parts per minute with the highest standard deviation at 60.481, meaning that it also has the highest variability in machine production. Machine type two on the other hand has the lowest average rate at 120.765 ppm and the lowest standard deviation at 13.73011 attributing to its lower variability in machine production per minute. Machine type three has an average of 156.48 in the sample, a close rate in the production rate of 155 ppm as noted earlier. On the production per day sampling, machine type 2 had an average of 120.765 ppm, while its official rating is 200 ppm. Having the number of observation, the production levels, and the time period worked by each machine type as one block of independent variables, and the machine type as the dependent variable, the p-value of the summary table shown above, that t-statistic is negative for observation and time period worked by the machine, but 0.558 for observation. This indicates that the level of significance is favorable for obtaining the observed results when the null hypothesis is true. As shown by table 4 above, we shall reject the null hypothesis which states that machine type 1= 700, as accept the alternative hypothesis which states that machine type one is not equal to 700. This is because the calculated value of p= 0.0000002 is less than p value=0.05. For the machine type 2, the value of calculated p is close to zero which means that we reject the null hypothesis and accept the alternative hypothesis which states that Machine type 2 (rated 200 ppm) not equal to 200. While for the case of machine type 3 (rated 155 ppm) the value of calculated P=0.8258 which is greater than p=0.05 this prompt us not to reject null hypothesis and conclude that Machine type

Debate the proposition that employers are more concerned with controlling employee behaviour than they are with eliciting employee commitment. Essay Example for Free

Debate the proposition that employers are more concerned with controlling employee behaviour than they are with eliciting employee commitment. Essay It can be said that employers have become increasingly concentrated towards controlling employee’s behaviour than endeavouring to attain employee commitment in organisations. Control can be defined as â€Å"To exercise authoritative or dominating influence over† . However this can become controversial when applied to working with people therefore as a countermeasure commitment has been introduced to even the balance. This can be defined as â€Å"a combination of commitment to the organisation and its values and a willingness to help out colleagues (organisational citizenship). It goes beyond job satisfaction and is not simply motivation. Engagement is something the employee has to offer: it cannot be ‘required’ as part of the employment contract. Commitment is therefore intrinsic to the individual employee and difficult to measure what exactly makes each one motivated therefore control should be utilised to a greater extent. This shift to controlling employees rather than endeavouring to ensure that they are committed has led to a majority of staff feeling undervalued and therefore unable to achieve their potential in the workplace. A study has shown that controlling employees has led to a drop in productivity due to the fact that a 26% or three quarters of staff members, feel that they are being manipulated rather than being utilised to their potential . Therefore, this illustrates that companies are now shifting towards compliance from their employees to follow Manager’s directives in lieu of commitment that is attained through the use of de-centralised management e.g. Matrix structures. However if companies therefore wish to therefore use centralised management the possibility for employee commitment is therefore limited. Matrix structures do have the effect of improving commitment as they include no hierarchy and equal standing by those in them however they must be monitored to ensure that they are still effective and not misused  for their less stringent management style and that some structures favoured over others . McGregor’s (1960) XY theory is a method to illustrate the management style of an organisation to determine whether it favours control or commitment from its workforce. Employee behaviour which is heavily controlled follows the pattern of Theory X, as opposed to the Theory Y which is intended to generate employee commitment. Theory X favours that managers exercise control and directed to achieve the organisational objectives with little flexibility for employees to use their initiative, whereas Theory Y believes that commitment to objectives is a function of the rewards associated with their achievements . Theory X managers have somewhat receded however employees are still being controlled under the assumption that businesses are using commitment methods for example flexible working practises and appraisals which will be discussed later. Commitment is intrinsic which requires more resources, however control is external and can be done more effectively than commitment. See appendix one for a model of McGregor’s theory. To control employee behaviour a number of measures have been utilised in the office environment that have enabled them to be observed by managers and recorded in order to monitor them while they are on the premises. By installing these devices it motivates the employee to work as they are constantly being monitored and therefore provides a sense of motivation for them to work as signs of slacking/unauthorised absence are recorded and used as evidence to support that fact . CCTV has evolved in recent years for businesses. Before, it was used as a common security device for the building, now, it has become a performance tool for mangers in which as a further measure to control their staff. This is done by highlighting those employees who are slacking to ensuring that proper procedure is being adhered to while on the premises. . This constant monitoring can have the effect of de-moralising employees as their every move in the workplace is being scrutinised. Job commitment however relegates CCTV to its previous function of security as management entrust employees to do their jobs, but now that CCTV has been turned in towards employees it is evident that control measures are being used instead of trying to create commitment. Yet CCTV is but one way of retaining control of staff in the workplace. For  instance, in McDonalds through the use of CCTV cameras, productivity has increased through unobtrusive CCTV coverage of workers and customers . An additional method which a business can use technology to monitor employees is the practice of electronic â€Å"clocking in† systems. These devices have been implemented in large businesses that employ a multitude of staff in which individual movement of employees can be difficult to trace. A business which has done this exactly this is Poundworld in which employees are electronically scanned into at the start of a shift and have the consequence of deduced salary if this process has been neglected . As a method of control, these devices can monitor exactly when an employee has begun their shift or when they have returned from their breaks etc. to ensure that they begin work at the proper time. This also ensures proper records can be maintained should any discrepancy arise regarding timekeeping. However this monitoring of movement may hamper employee commitment as they are constantly being recorded while on the premises for timekeeping plus they can feel dis-trusted by management as they are being constantly monitored for when they started their shift. Employers have minutely contributed to employee commitment with the use of Job Design which has been utilised to effect in certain companies such as Microsoft who use elements like job share to encourage employees in their roles Job Design is when the duties and the role of an employees’ position have been analysed and decided by management before they are employed or amending parts of an employees’ position while they are employed. Job Design permits an input from employees into their role of the organisation as they collaborate with management in which their position is defined. A further example of stimulating commitment with job design is when employees and employers discuss characteristics of the position that would suit the employee’s capabilities which in turn increases their motivation as the employers are permitting staff an input into designing their responsibilities in the job. However, employers have the opportunity to use job design to influence control of over their staff with the use techniques such as job expansion and job rotation with allow them to amend or add additional workload to their job which may not be to the employees benefit.  Furthermore, an employer has the ability to change the job design of staff to suit their requirements over employees depending on the situation without any input from employees. By way of strategically/tactically controlling their staff, management are employing the use of Management by Objectives for all members of staff to analyse if targets or goals are being met. This can be defined as â€Å"A methods of management whereby managers and employees define goals for each department, project, and person and use them to monitor subsequent performance† . Controlling behaviour is being used here as management are attaining the utmost effectiveness from a particular member of staff or individual department as their desired goals are measured against their actual goals and analyse if they have been accomplished. However commitment is being given to the staff/department as the decisions to how they achieve their stated goals has been de-centralised for them to decide. As technology has increased to such an extent, a business can take advantage of employing staff that do not have to work in the office environment through the use of flexible working contracts and providing them with equipment to work off-site. These contracts enable a business to offer their employees who are unable to travel or who have other commitment so actively continue working but in the confines of their own home or on the go by the use of a laptop or mobile phones. As employees are away from the office, a main disadvantage is that their working pattern cannot be monitored to ensure that they are actually fulfilling their tasks. As controlling behaviour has become more prevalent to management, software has be embedded to the technology issued to these homeworkers e.g. tracker and keystroke logs to monitor the use of laptops and phones during the day. For example, Freedom Direct, a holiday company offers such flexible contracts and issues those involved with hardware embedded with this surveillance software to safeguard against slacking while away from the eyes of management . However some companies now prefer to control their employees from one central organisation. For example Yahoo managing director has decided to ban employees from using home working to â€Å"build on corporate culture† however this has damaged commitment as many employees have been demoralised by this  decision that may affect their future in the company. . Furthermore, to bolster the claim of controlling employees, this ban on flexible practises was instigated after an investigation of employee logs showed it fell below the standard expected for their employees and therefore cut this form of employment from the organisation. . This therefore illustrates that electronic devices provided by organisation are monitored to ensure that duties are conducted. Employee commitment is therefore given an opportunity by senior management by permitting a group of employees to work away from the office on these contracts who might not have the opportunity to do so. This increases motivation and job satisfaction to the company as they would not lose any valuable staff plus have the ability to monitor these employees away from the office with the tracker software to monitor their actions during the working day. Control is again utilised as these employees are monitored no less than their counterparts in the office and are monitored with the identical software. Control has been favoured in organisations as those with the authority to make decisions in their department must to be held to account for those decisions should they prove to be incorrect. Accountability can be defined as â€Å"the fact that those people with authority and responsibility are subject to reporting and justifying task outcomes to those above them in the chain of command† . By having a clear and define line of authority from the managing director to the clerk, it is possible to identify who should be held to account and therefore justify their decisions should they prove them to be incorrect or disastrous. This can be de-moralising as these targets are not negotiable and therefore must be achieve which adds an element of stress. Managers often therefore are hesitant to issue instructions in which they know are difficult to achieve, yet this can bolster commitment within the company as employees, if informed, that these tasks are of some difficulty may strive to attain them to receive the department recognition for doing so. This therefore increases motivation as well as assists in team-building for the department as they are united in a common goal . Employee behaviour can be controlled by the use of annual appraisals of departments. This is the discussion in which an employee and manager decide  on the objectives and the action necessary to achieve them for the coming year. Appraisals are a two way discussion in which the employee states what they wish to achieve for the year and the manager offers guidance to do so, however this is again a method for which control even though employees perceive it as being a method for commitment. The employee may see appraisals as a method in which they are in control of what they want to achieve and not what the business wants them to do. This is an opportunity for managers to input targets or goals which the employee agrees on without knowing the magnitude of the task, however they must achieve as it has been stated on the appraisal document and could lead to a poor appraisal the subsequent year. Managers can use these to implement control over employees in which to dispel rewards to the employee thus motivates them to achieve their objectives. The threat of disciplinary action for repeated failure to attain objectives set out at appraisals is a sure way to coerce commitment in the workplace as employees will strive to achieve those objectives set at appraisals. Employers have the ability to produce commitment while still using control methods by the use of a health work/life balance. This can be defined as â€Å"concept that supports the efforts of employees to split their time and energy between work and the other important aspects of their lives† . While managers are allowing an employee to split their time between a professional and a private life they can still use methods such as monitoring social media to ensure that no derogatory remarks have been made against the organisation known as reputation management. It has been reported that 80% of a company’s workforce use social media sites in one way or another therefore the scope for badmouthing a company has increased. To combat this possibility 60% of selected businesses have proposed to implement software that would detect this . It is imperative that a business conform to the laws which dictate when an employee’s professional life ends and when a personal one begins as not to intrude. Having a healthy balance between personal and professional life enhances commitment to the organisation due to employees recognising that their business does not own them permanently and are permitted a life outside the office however are unobtrusively monitored to an extent. In order for senior management to exercise control over employees while they are in the workplace, management have re-employed the use of a well-defined and structured hierarchy in organisations in which they can delegate the operational control of the business to managers or first level employees who have a greater understand of how operations of the department are conducted. Middle management positions such as Assistant Managers for departments have returned to businesses due to the fact that the employees on this level support change to departments which may not be popular as well as focusing on the different strategies which have been set by the company . By re-introducing levels of management that may have been de-layered previously, companies are therefore increasing their Vertical differentiation to establish a clear line of authority in departments. This may be advantageous for commitment in departments that have a copious amount of staff as problems can be easily rectified, yet they can be seen as another level of management in which the business has established to ensure their corporate strategies are met irrespective to employee requirements. In order to control employees’ behaviour, businesses have invested in training and development programs to educate their workforce with various methods such as induction training through to university courses. Induction training is a period in which a new employee to the business is given training preceding their start in the business. This provides an opportunity for the member of staff to become aware of the procedures, policies and workplace culture that a business has. In order to train potential or existing staff some businesses have adopted a system of internal in-house training schemes that have been adapted especially to fit different purposes. Businesses such as McDonalds which have established educational institutes for potential staff to undertake for promotion or re-training or other reasons which would see those who graduate attain a recognised qualification . However due to their size and expense they are restricted to large highly profitable businesses. A purpose of these schools is to instruct that person on what is expected of them while in employment and how to undertake different duties, however these methods can be categorised as a method of control as these courses are pre-designed so that employees  should conform only to those that are taught as they expect them to be correct. Commitment can be fostered from this as employees may be more motivated and satisfied in their position as they have been trained to a degree so that they are competent in their role in the business and provide a sense of a good working environment to potential employees, plus as this is a recognised qualification this can be presented as part of an application as a symbol that they have enrolled and passed a course specifically designed to train members of staff. The drawback of control becomes the advantages of using commitment and should influence a business to implement commitment measures For example; Pfeffers’ model of high performance factors is heavily influenced as commitment measures that managers should consider to bolster the motivation of their workforce. However these are disguised as a further method of control as to attain these factors the workforce must demonstrate they are a viable working entity. The factors that constitute this model are Team working and de-centralised management, High pay and incentive, Employee Security, Extensive training and development, Narrow status differentials and Careful recruitment and selection. Cultural control is a method that managers can use to â€Å"define specific patterns of behaviour within a professional environment†. This behaviour has already been stipulated by the management of how they wish the workforce to conform and therefore expect these patterns to re-enforce organisational culture. A method in which an employee can become accustomed to the social norms of a workplace culture is through induction training. Therefore the accompanying member of staff would acquaint the new employee of the social norms that have been adopted by staff which they will conform to. This method of control is an example of how management quickly adapt staff to the methods of the workforce that have already been repeated for other staff. A company that would be perceived as having a poor corporate culture would be BP. In the wake of the oil spill in 2007 in which an inquiry was found to ascertain that intense cost cutting and efficiency measures demoralised the workforce therefore affected practises which precipitated the disaster through negligence of corporate culture. A final method in which businesses can control their workforce is through the monitoring of social media sites such as Facebook and Twitter. The organisation will monitor their employees’ posts on these sites to ascertain they are behaving in an according manner or post any derogatory statements regarding the business or its staff. This is a method of control as staff are being monitored while they are on the premises as well as off therefore this encroaches into their personal life affecting the work/life balance. It has been reported that 60% of businesses by 2015 will have some monitor in place in order to track their workforce on social media sites in order to protect the business’s reputation or the brand they are selling . An example of a business that has used this is Proskauer Rose in which staff have it written into their contract of employment that they will be monitored on social media sites. Therefore to conclude, it would appear that mangers controlling employee behaviour has become more prevalent that endeavouring to attain employee commitment in organisations. This could be the case as controlling employees has become cheaper that resorting to measures to attain employee commitment as well as ensuring their effectiveness in the workplace as well as out of it . However there should be an even balance between control and commitment from managers to create a suitable working environment for employees as they would not prefer to working in a hostile business which treats them as a tool rather than one which treats them as a valuable resource. Using control methods such as technology and monitoring ensures that staff are adhering to policy set out in their contract. References Always Watching . (2010). Benefits of CCTV for your Business. Retrieved Feburary 19, 2013, from Always Watching.com: http://www.always-watching.com/benefits-of-cctv-for-your-business.html Anviz, Newsdesk. (2011, August). Anviz’s VF30 fingerprint time clock on Channel 4†²s ‘Undercover Boss’. Retrieved March 4, 2013, from Security Newsdesk: http://www.securitynewsdesk.com/2011/08/10/anvizs-vf30-fingerprint-time-clock-on-channel-4s-undercover-boss/ Bednarz, T. (2013, January 15). Empowered Organisations Develop Employee Commitment. Retrieved Feburary 18, 2013, from Leaders to Leader: http://blog.majoriumbusinesspress.com/2013/01/15/empowered-organizations-develop-employee-commitment/ Broome, I. (2009, July 20). How CCTV can help improve your productivity. Retrieved Feburary 10, 2013, from IanBroome.com: http://iainbroome.com/how-cctv-can-help-improve-your-productivity Business Dictionary. (2013). What is Job Design. Retrieved March 1, 2013, from Business Dictionary: http://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/job-design.html Chertkow, M. (2012, August 24). CCTV is not just about security anymore its performance management and productivity tool, too . Retrieved Feburary 19, 2013, from IT web Techforum: http://www.itweb.co.za/index.php?option=com_contentview=articleid=57970 CIPD. (2012, July). Employee Engagement. Retrieved March 7, 2013, from CIPD: http://www.cipd.co.uk/hr-resources/factsheets/employee-engagement.aspx#link_0 CIPD. (2012, April). Job Design. Retrieved Feburary 21, 2013, from CIPD: http://www.cipd.co.uk/hr-resources/factsheets/job-design.aspx Clark, D. (2010, October 3). Theory X and Theory Y. Retrieved Feburary 25, 2013, from Officebroker.com: http://www.nwlink.com/~donclark/hrd/history/xy.html Cross, S. (2013). Examples of Cultural Controls in Organizational Structure. Retrieved March 7, 2013, from Chron: http://smallbusiness.chron.com/examples-cultural-controls-organizational-structure-13425.html Daft, R. (2008). The New Era of Management. Mason: Thomson South-Western. Daft, R Kendrick, M Vershinina N . (2010). Management. Hampshire: South Western Cengage Learning #. Dunn, C. (2012, November 29). More Employers Creating Social Media Polices for the Workplace. Retrieved March 19 , 2013, from Corporate Counsel: http://www.law.com/corporatecounsel/PubArticleCC.jsp? id=1202579655072More_Employers_Creating_Social_Media_Policies_for_the_Workplaceslreturn=20130219093207 Farquhar, C. (1998). Middle Managers are Back: How Companies Have Come to Value Their Middle Managers. Farquhar, C. (1998). Middle Managers are Back. How Companies Have Come to Value Their Middle Managers. Free Dictionary. (2013). Control. Retrieved Feburary 19, 2013, from The Free Dictionary: http://www.thefreedictionary.com/control Heathfield, S. (2013). Work-life Balance. Retrieved Feburary 26, 2013, from About.com : http://humanresources.about.com/od/glossaryw/g/balance.htm Herscher, P. (2010, May 10). From BP and Wall Street: Corporate Culture Impacts Performance . Retrieved March 11, 2013, from Huffingston Post Businesses: http://www.huffingtonpost.com/penny-herscher/from-bp-and-wall-st-corpo_b_563211.html Improve. (2012, July 27). How far can Employers go in Controlling Employee Behaviour Off the Job . Retrieved March 8, 2013, from Improve: http://www.improve.com/How-far-can-Employers-go-in-Controlling-Employee-Behavior-Off-the-Job/4404# Johnson. (2013). Disadvantages of a Strong Matrix Organizational Structure. Retrieved Feburary 21, 2013, from Chron: http://smallbusiness.chron.com/disadvantages-strong-matrix-organizational-structure-59207.html Lipman, V. (2013, January 13). Why Are So Many Employees Disengaged? Retrieved Feburary 18, 2013, from Forbes: http://www.forbes.com/sites/victorlipman/2013/01/18/why-are-so-many-employees-disengaged/ Management Study Guide . (2008). Performance Appraisal and Performance Management. Retrieved Feburary 25, 2013, from Management Study Guide: http://www.managementstudyguide.com/performance-appraisal-and-performance-management.htm Maximize Social Media . (2012). Rapid Rise in Monitoring Employee Use of Social Media. Retrieved March 4, 2013, from Maximise, Social Media: http://maximizesocialmedia.com/social-media-management-rapid-rise-in-monitoring-employee-use-of-social-media Mighty Students. (2010). Elements of Job Design. Retrieved April 2, 2013, from Mighty Students: http://www.mightystudents.com/essay/Elements.Job.Design.68700 Peacock, L. (2010, November 25). McDonalds launches foundation degree for staff. Retrieved March 4, 2013, from TheTelegraph: http://www.telegraph.co.uk/finance/newsbysector/retailandconsumer/8157900/McDonalds-launches-foundation-degree-for-staff.html Reed, S. (2010, July 6). How to Manage Employee Behaviour. Retrieved Feburary 28, 2013, from Ezine Articles: http://ezinearticles.com/?How-to-Manage-Employee-Behaviourid=4613259 Reference for Business. (2013). Management Levels. Retrieved Feburary 19 , 2013, from Reference for Business, Encyclopedia of Business 2nd Edition: http://www.referenceforbusiness.com/management/Log-Mar/Management-Levels.html Reporter. (2013, Feburary 27). Melissa Mayer imposed Yahoo! work from home ban after spying on employee log ins. Retrieved March 7, 2013, from Daily Mail: http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2287148/I-wouldnt-consider-feminist-s ays-Marissa-Mayer-revealed-imposed-Yahoo-work-home-ban-spying-employee-log-ins.html Smith, T. (2011, May 9). Accountability in Business Management. Retrieved Feburary 21, 2013, from The New Dawn: http://www.thenewdawnliberia.com/index.php?option=com_contentview=articleid=3430:accountability-in-business-managementcatid=36:investmentItemid=62 Sullivan, I. (2012, July 2). Sixty percent of companies will monitor employee social media use by 2015. Retrieved March 19, 2013, from The Wall: http://wallblog.co.uk/2012/07/02/sixty-percent-of-companies-will-monitor-employee-social-media-use-by-2015/ Twentyman, J. (2007). Keeping tabs (Staff monitoring). Twentyman, J. (2007, October 22). Staff monitoring: keeping tabs on homeworkers. Retrieved Feburary 21, 2013, from Personnel Today: http://www.personneltoday.com/articles/22/10/2007/42869/staff-monitoring-keeping-tabs-on-homeworkers.htm UK Business Information. (2013). The Benefits of in-house training. Retrieved April 2, 2013, from UK Business Information: http://www.business-information-uk.com/in-house-training.html Verheul, I. (2003). Commitment or control? Weiss, T. (2013, Feburary 27). Yahoo’s Mayer Slated Over ‘Foolish’ Home Working Ban. Retrieved Feburary 28, 2013 , from Tech Week Europe: http://www.techweekeurope.co.uk/news/yahoo-home-working-ban-108776 Wu, J. (2009). McDonaldisation and the Labour Process:Impacts and Resistance. Asian Social Science , 106. Bibliography Broome, I. (2009, July 20). How CCTV can help improve your productivity. Retrieved Feburary 10, 2013, from IanBroome.com: http://iainbroome.com/how-cctv-can-help-improve-your-productivity Business Dictionary. (2013). What is Job Design. Retrieved March 1, 2013, from Business Dictionary: http://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/job-design.html Improve. (2012, July 27). How far can Employers go in Controlling Employee Behaviour Off the Job . Retrieved March 8, 2013, from Improve: http://www.improve.com/How-far-can-Employers-go-in-Controlling-Employee-Behav  ior-Off-the-Job/4404# Reed, S. (2010, July 6). How to Manage Employee Behaviour. Retrieved Feburary 28, 2013, from Ezine Articles: http://ezinearticles.com/?How-to-Manage-Employee-Behaviourid=4613259 Reference for Business. (2013). Management Levels. Retrieved Feburary 19 , 2013, from Reference for Business, Encyclopedia of Business 2nd Edition: http://www.referenceforbusiness.com/management/Log-Mar/Management-Levels.html Twentyman, J. (2007). Keeping tabs (Staff monitoring). Verheul, I. (2003). Commitment or control? Appendix list 1. 1. Working on feedback: Read the feedback on your assignment carefully, then re-read the piece of work to see the areas that the feedback refers to. You might use a highlighter pen to cross-reference the feedback to your work, or to draw attention to corrections and suggestions. What has your tutor written (key points) What do you understand this to mean? 1. Good introduction, underpinned by theory 2. Critical and analytical throughout 3. Good reference base 4. Contextualised into subject 5. Good analysis 6. Must use references properly 7. Used references and examples to illustrate that points made are utilised in business. 8. Good research base 1. A well designed introduction that has been bolstered with the use of business theory to support the argument. 2. By being argumentative on both sides (control and commitment) it shows that there has been research done and concluded that one was more viable than the other. 3. A diverse range of sources has been used to collate examples e.g. journals books internet

The Scarlet Letter Essay -- Literary Analysis, Nathaniel Hawthorne

The Scarlet Letter, written by Nathaniel Hawthorne, portrays the adversities faced by Hester Prynne and Reverend Dimmesdale, and their struggles to overcome their sins of adultery. Hawthorne depicts the celestial Dimmesdale as a troubled minister with an uneasy conscience who struggles to cope with his wrongdoings. Dimmesdale is torn between whether to publically confess his wrongdoing with Hester and let the merciless Puritans decide his fate, or keep his secret hidden and let the guilt derived from his actions, along with the devil in Roger Chillingworth, destroy him both mentally and physically. Being divided between his love for Hester and his Puritan ideals, Dimmesdale’s advancement towards making amends for his sin of adultery is manifested in the three scaffold scenes throughout the novel. The first scaffold scene depicts Hester’s public humiliation of her sin, and Dimmesdale’s lack of courage and troubled soul. In the first scaffold scene, Dimmesdale acts as Hester’s deceptive accuser, letting her stand alone on the scaffold for three hours while being ridiculed by the townspeople for an act they both committed. Dimmesdale charges Hester â€Å"to speak out the name of thy fellow-sinner and fellow-sufferer. Be not silent from any mistaken pity and tenderness for him† (Hawthorne 64). By directly speaking to Hester, Dimmesdale wants Hester to reveal his sin to the townspeople of Boston. Dimmesdale does not want Hester to pity him, and take all the blame for their wrongdoing because he does not want to live a sinful life full of hidden sin and guilt. Although Dimmesdale wants Hester to reveal his secret, he is relieved when Hester says â€Å"I will not speak...And my child must seek a heavenly Father; she shall never know an earthly ... ... Dimmesdale, a minister with a troubled soul, regrets his actions and makes amends for his sin, allowing him to finally be free from guilt and suffering. The scaffold, a place of public shame and humiliation, symbolizes Dimmesdale’s progression towards making amends for his actions, and obtaining salvation. Dimmesdale goes from being a religious and deceitful minister in the first scaffold scene to a humble and lowly individual by the end of the third scaffold scene, freeing himself from the guilt that has caused so much havoc on his life. Dimmesdale’s sin, which is manifested throughout the three scaffold scenes, symbolizes the major theme of the Scarlet Letter, which states that hidden sin will ultimately kill an individual if left unconfessed, and that the only way to achieve salvation is by publicly confessing one’s actions and making atonement with God.

Opinion on E-Tolls Essay

A democracy is a government by the people and when the people are not being led, but they are being forced, then there are many questions about the democratic government that need to be soliciting and retorting. The e-Toll system is an electronic tolling system that does not require motorists to stop in order for them to be billed, just as an ordinary toll booth. This system is being imposed on to the motorists of Gauteng and is being masked as a method of raising funds for the development of Gauteng roads and ultimately, South African roads. The imposing of this system is totally out of the scope of a democracy; it is a huge waste of tax payers’ money and should be totally abolished by the South African government. Several e-tolls are found on various highways in Gauteng and how they work is once you drive under them, it scans your e-tag and license plates (at the front and back), takes an aerial view of your car, measures the size of it (in order to know how much to bill you), finds who’s registered to the vehicle and then they are billed electronically. As fancy as it sounds, vehicle users in Gauteng are on the brink of daylight robbery with the new e-toll system that is about to be imposed on them by SANRAL (South African Road Agency Ltd.), and if nothing is done, the country will find itself being dragged by the neck in a so-called democracy. The first issue that comes into play with the e-toll system is the financial issue of e-tolls. SANRAL accumulated a debt in excess of 20 billion rands over the past few years with the renovations of the Gauteng highways. The government believes that this debt can be covered over several years by implementing the user-pay principle which is simply: road users paying to be on the roads. Two issues sprout from this. The first, OUTA has done some calculations on the total cost of repaying the debt over those 20 years and instead of the 20 billion rand owed, you find that with the e-toll, Gauteng motorists will be paying, an excess of 75 billion rands. The government is yet to explain why they are charging users a whole lot more than what they need to be repaying. This is a huge waste of tax payers’ money as there are already fuel levies being paid to help aid the construction of South African roads. The second, Austrian company Kapsch, will be collecting a total of 665 million ran d annually for the next 8 years, giving a feeling of private investors prospering rather than the benefit of the people. Government argues that this large income of money from e-Tolls will benefit the working and the poor class because they will not have to pay and they get the assurance of safer roads without having to pay. This all seems well but what government forgot to mention is the fact that with the increase in road usage, there will definitely be an increase in the cost of living. Trucking companies that deliver the cheap goods to local supermarket will increase their price of operation which will increase the price of goods which will surely impact their pockets. This does not just limit itself to the delivery of goods. E-tolls do not have as many benefits as first anticipated because the money spent is for the roads and you find that public transport in South Africa is still in a shocking state and many users will still get in vehicles that are not road-worthy and that will not benefit them even if the roads are better. South African, especially Gauteng, road users already have a big issue with the payment of traffic fines. The e-toll system will find that people will fail to pay their bills as in the case of Portugal. A country as developed as Portugal had a total of 19% of users failing to pay their fees and that saw more than a double-increase in the costs of administration in the short space of a year. South Africa, as a developing country, will have themselves a large handful of people who will not pay for their fees. The government will have themselves too much to deal with and will put the burden on the shoulders of the road users again and the cycle will not end.

Memo Review Essay

The writer knowing the audience will help with what information to keep or remove, whether the memo will be formal or informal, and word choice. Memoradum Review An informal memo, typically, is between two colleagues for notification of information or to obtain input on different subjects. Andrew Accountant’s memo was an informal memo the teammates to obtain information on the inventory methods of LastIn/FirstOut (LIFO) and FirstIn/ FirstOut (FIFO). The review of Andrew’s memo will show what information to use or remove and word choice, which both depends on the writer’s knowledge of the audience. Repercussions can arise when there is no knowledge of the audience. Inclusion of Information The information of a memo is important because it tells the audience the reason for writing the memo. Memorandums can have information that does not apply to the message. For instance, Andrew had information about Macy’s winning the test case against the United States right to use LIFO. This information is not necessary because it does not apply to the company. A memo with information overload can cause the audience to lose their attention, and it has the potential of letting the audience know that they have no knowledge of the subject. Word Choice â€Å"The words that communicate best will be those that appeal to your particular readers and enable them easily to understand what you are trying to say† (Flatley, Lesikar, & Rentz, p. 27, 2008). Word choice is important to written communication because it conveys the tone and personality of the writer; the audience cannot see the nonverbal communication, which it conveys the emotion and feelings behind verbal communication (Beebe & Masterson, p. 144, 2006), in written communication. For example, Andrew wrote stating the possibility that the team will recommend LIFO. The statement conveys the decision of which inventory method to recommend is made without team discussion. The team could have confusion on team leadership and feel their opinions do not matter which can harm the group communication. Andrew should have started the statement with ‘in my opinion’ and then the supporting details of his opinion. Jargon is a special language used in a group (jargon, n. d. ). The use of accounting terms is necessary for Andrew’s informal memo because it is the language used between the team. If the memo were to be directed at a different audience, there should be explanations of the accounting terms, so the audience can understand, or do not use the terms. When the audience cannot understand the message, they will lose attention and feel the writer was in rush and did not care about the message. Conclusion Overall, the audience is important because the audience has an influence on the language, format, and information. The writer wants to keep the audience attention and make sure the audience can understand the memo. Written communication can improve or harm a relationship depending on how the audience interprets the message. To achieve this, proofreading and editing is important to having an effective memo. Well-written memos are a good way of communication and show others with â€Å"respect and friendly human concern† (Flatley, Lesikar, & Rentz, p. 76, 2008). References Beebe, S. , & Masterson, J. (2006). Communicating in Small Groups: Principles and Practices (8th ed. ). Retrieved from The University of Phoenix eBook Collection database. Flatley, M. E. , Lesikar, R. V. , & Rentz, K. (2008). Business Communication (11th ed. ). Retrieved from The University of Phoenix eBook Collection database. jargon. (n. d. ). The American Heritage ® New Dictionary of Cultural Literacy, Third Edition. Retrieved February 05, 2013, from Dictionary. com website: http://dictionary. reference. com/browse/jargon INTEROFFICE MEMORANDUM TO: EXECUTIVE VICE PRESIDENT FROM:AFTDEN WHITE & TEAMMATES SUBJECT:LAST IN/FIRST OUT & FIRST IN/FIRST OUT DATE: FEBRUARY 5, 2013 In response, to the request of overview inventory methods: Last In/ First Out and First In/ First Out. The team researched and discussed the contrast between the two inventory methods. The choice of Last In/ First Out and First In/First Out will influence the profit and loss statements. The company should continue using Last In/ First Out if the costs remain the same, but we should move to First In/First Out if the costs increase, as expected. The question of whether the company’s Cost of Goods Sold and inventories cost will increase or decrease with the use of the two inventory methods. To our findings, the First In/First Out will decrease the value of the Cost of Goods Sold and have an increase value of inventory. The Last In/ First Out will decrease the value of Cost of Goods Sold and decrease the value of inventory. To improve the company’s cash flow and profit margin, the Last In/ First Out method is best. With Last In/ First Out, we can continue to reduce federal and state corporate income taxes. The reduction of corporate income taxes has leaded the company to better cash flow and profit margin. We recommend continuing to use the Last In/First Out because of the improvements it will have on cash flows and profit margin. Please find the overview to be helpful in making the decision of which inventory method to apply to the company. .

New York State essays

New York State essays New York State was named after the English Duke of York who later became King James II of England, The nickname Empire State came from George Washington, who boldly claimed New York would become the seat of a new empire. New York is located in the northeastern part of the United States. New Yorks northern border is Canada and The Saint Lawrence River. New Yorks eastern borders are Vermont, Connecticut and Massachusetts. New Jersey and Pennsylvania make up New Yorks southern border. New Yorks western border is not land but bodies of water and they are Lake Erie and Lake Ontario. New Yorks land regions are the Appalachians and the Central Plains. The motto of New York is Excelsior, which means ever upward. In 1784 George Washington called New York the Seat of the Empire. New Yorkers work hard to live up to their motto and made New York State the national leader that it is. The first symbol I have listed for New York is the state bird, which is the bluebird. The bluebird has a red breast area and in the 1950s it was rarely seen, but today the bluebird is seen much more often. The flag of New York was adopted in 1778, it has the state coat of arms reproduced in the center of a dark blue field. Above the shield is an eagle on a globe and below the coat of arms is the motto Excelsior. The state tree is the sugar maple, which produces a sweet sap for syrup and sugar. The sugar maple has a crown of leaves that get bright in autumn. The wood of the sugar maple makes great firewood and furniture. The rose is the state flower of New York. Four major landforms of New York are the Adirondack Mountains, the Saint Lawrence Valley, the Coastal Plains, and the Allegheny Plateau. The Adirondack Mountains are located in the most northern part of New York. The Saint Lawrence Valley stretches along the border of the state at the foot of the Adirondacks. The ...

Make Money Online Where to Find Legitimate Work From Home Jobs

Make Money Online Where to Find Legitimate Work From Home Jobs SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Do you dream of cutting out your daily commute and getting away from the office? Would you love the freedom to work from home or anywhere with an internet connection? Thanks to advances in technology, more and more people are working remotely every year. Employees can enjoy greater flexibility and freedom, and employers can discover talent all across the country and globe. This guide will tell you everything you need to know about working from home, including what skills you need and where to find legitimate work from home jobs. First, what kind of telecommuting jobs are available? What Are the Options for Working at Home? Work-from-home jobs are as varied as traditional jobs. They could be part-time, full-time, or project-based. You could get hired as a full-time employee with benefits, or you could contribute as a freelancer to a variety of companies. Some require entry-level skills, while others call for C-suite senior executives. Besides working as an employee, you could also start your own online business. You could offer a service, like teaching, consulting, programming, or editing, or start a blog and learn how to gain traffic and monetize your website. Another, though probably temporary, option for making money from home is selling goods online. If you have a lot of extra clothes, for instance, you could try selling them on eBay or an online consignment shop, like Tradesy or thredUP. For the purposes of this guide, we’ll focus mainly on part-time, full-time, and freelance work and how to make money online. You’ll find websites for full-time jobs, as well as websites for freelance projects for you to make some supplemental income. What industries are hiring, and what kind of remote online jobs are available? Would you enjoy working with international students? You could teach English to people across the world via Skype. Industries and Positions for Remote Workers There are a huge variety of industries that hire remote workers. According to FlexJobs.com, a leading search site for telecommute jobs, the information technology (IT) field has the most opportunities for online work, followed by the fields of healthcare, sales, administrative work, customer service, education, and marketing. Some of the most popular telecommuting positions are that of computer programmer, writer, engineer, marketer, medical consultant, tech support provider, recruiter, tutor, and on-call nurses. Anyone with the right skills and qualifications can earn money online in one of these positions. Now that you have a sense of the types of industries and positions that offer telecommuting positions, let’s take a closer look at where you can find your own remote job. Read on for the full list of the best search websites for legitimate work at home jobs. If you're a programmer, you're in luck! There are lots of remote work opportunities for people who know how to code. Where to Find Work From Home Jobs: Best Job Search Websites How can you turn your dream of telecommuting into a reality? It all starts with the job search. These websites are the best online resources for locating a remote job that matches up with your skillset and professional goals. Read on for the best websites for legitimate work at home jobs in four categories: 1, part-time and full-time work at home jobs, 2, freelance opportunities and short-term projects, 3, tech jobs, and 4, general searches to make money online. For Part-Time and Full-Time Jobs These websites feature home-based jobs for people looking for how to earn money online and work remotely on a long-term basis, whether in a part-time or full-time role. Most of the sites are free, with the exception of FlexJobs and Virtual Vocations. FlexJobs FlexJobs is one of the best sites to find home based jobs. It has over 50 job categories across all different industries and experience levels. FlexJobs vets all its job postings thoroughly, so you know that they’re all legitimate. You can find thousands of part-time, full-time, and freelance opportunities. The only downside of FlexJobs is that it has a fee: $14.95 per month or $49.95 per year. WeWorkRemotely.com WeWorkRemotely presents a frequently updated list of part-time and full-time work from home opportunities. While it’s not the most comprehensive list, it features well-paying jobs at top tech companies and start-ups for skilled professionals. The job categories are programming, customer support, developmental operations and system administration, marketing, content writing, copywriting, design, and business executive and management, along with a few miscellaneous. When you get a remote job, you could choose to work very remotely. Bali, anyone? Remote OK Remote OK caters to the tech-savvy remote worker with a background in programming or design. It also features some non-tech jobs and a list of start-ups with distributed teams. The user interface is sleek and easy to use. Jobspresso Jobspresso provides high-quality part-time and full-time jobs at companies located all across the world. Career categories include web development, marketing, project management, support, writing, and systems administration. Crossover Crossover both hires remote workers itself and connects companies with remote workers all over the world. Some categories include software development, sales, marketing, finance, and executive management. You’ll mostly find full-time jobs, some with salaries well over $100k a year. Skip the Drive Skip the Drive lists a range of work at home jobs in industries ranging from consulting to nursing to account management. You can search openings on the site or set up an email alert to get notified about new postings in any of the job categories. With a remote job, your commute gets cut way down, perhaps to the time it takes to get from your bed to your couch. Virtual Vocations Virtual Vocations lists hundreds of pre-screened remote job opportunities in over 50 categories. You can access some of the listings for free, or get unlimited access for $15.99 a month or $59.99 for six months. Homewiththekids.com Home With the Kids caters to stay-at-home parents looking for remote part-time or full-time jobs. It has work from home jobs in over 30 categories, along with other resources, like articles and chat forums, for parents who work from home. For Freelance Opportunities and Short-Term Projects These sites connect freelancers with employers looking for help on specific projects. Most require you to fill out a profile with your skills and experience. The more you work, the better your reputation will be on the site, and the greater your chance of getting hired to earn money from home. Freelancer.com Freelancer connects freelancing writers, programmers, marketers, and other professionals with employers for short-term or long-term projects. Project categories include writing, IT, business services, data entry, translation, sales, and marketing. Upwork Upwork matches freelancers with employers for one-time projects or part-time remote work opportunities. You’ll need to create an account and profile with your resume, skills, experience, and a link to a portfolio or any published work. For each project, you’ll need to submit a proposal. Once a project is finished, the employer leaves feedback on your profile so that you can build up a reputation for good online work over time. Fiverr Fiverr is a place where freelancers can look for short-term projects that pay anywhere from $5 and up. They can also post a service, like â€Å"I will test your website from a user’s point of view† or â€Å"I will add animation sound effects to video.† To use Fiverr, you’ll need to create an account and profile. Some remote job websites feature listings for short-term, freelance projects. For Jobs in Tech As you read above, many sites offer legitimate work from home jobs for software programmers and web developers. The following sites cater specifically to professionals in tech. If you know Ruby or Python, then these sites have work for you. Stack Overflow Stack Overflow features jobs for software engineers and developers. When you browse, just type â€Å"remote† or â€Å"telecommute† in the search field to narrow down your options. The site also has QA forums where developers can troubleshoot issues together. Ruby Now Are you a Ruby developer? Ruby Now has a list of jobs specifically for Ruby developers. You can also join the email list to get the most recent jobs. Power to Fly Power to Fly is a new website that seeks to match women in tech with remote job opportunities at Fortune 500 companies and start-ups that â€Å"value gender diversity and inclusion.† To use the site, you need to create an account and go through the vetting process. Once you’re matched with a company, you’ll do online work for a two to four week â€Å"paid trial,† after which you’ll get hired or try your luck somewhere else to find a better fit. Power to Fly matches women in tech with remote job opportunities. For General Job Searches While the above job search sites cater exclusively to remote work, general job sites also advertise many remote opportunities. You can search for telecommuting jobs on Monster.com, Indeed.com, or CareerBuilder.com by typing â€Å"work from home,† â€Å"remote,† or â€Å"telecommute† in the search field. Idealist.org (which provides opportunities for socially conscious work, often at non-profit organizations) has the option to narrow your search results to remote jobs. MediaBistro.com features writing, editing, and publishing jobs, some of which are remote. AngelList features opportunities at growing start-ups. Finally, you could also search around Craigslist for work from home opportunities, though you’ll have to explore different cities to get a full sense of what’s available. One useful site for writers is FreelanceWritingGigs.com, as it collects all the writing and editing jobs on Craigslist across all locations into one daily list. Since anyone can post to Craigslist, you’ll need to be careful that a posting is real and not a scam. Apart from using a job search engine, you can also check out the official website of a company to see if it has jobs at home available. You can use a well-established job search website, like Monster or Indeed, to find legitimate work at home jobs if you filter the results. Top Companies of 2016 With Remote Jobs To help people find telecommuting work, FlexJobs creates a yearly list of the top 100 companies and universities with work from home jobs. These are the top 20 companies on its 2016 list. As you can see, the companies represent a variety of industries and opportunities. LiveOps TeleTech Amazon Sutherland Global Services UnitedHealth Group Dell IBM U.S. Department of Agriculture Working Solutions Humana Aetna Intuit Kaplan Kelly Services Cactus Communications Westat Salesforce PAREXEL CyberCoders American Express Beside these big corporations, you’ll find work from home jobs at more recently established companies, like Groupon, Airbnb, and Wordpress. Some of these companies have moved away from the term â€Å"remote worker,† by the way, instead preferring to call their employees a â€Å"distributed team.† If there’s a particular company you’re interested in, then you should check out its careers page. While there are a lot of great remote positions available, there are also, unfortunately, some scams in this relatively new and unregulated domain. What warning signs should you look for as you distinguish the real work at home jobs from the fake ways to make online? Some companies are 100% remote, relying on a team that's distributed all across the world. What to Watch Out For: Avoid These Scams If you’ve ever job searched on Craigslist, you may have come across posts promising that you’ll earn thousands of dollars a month by working from home. These posts don’t say much about the company or job, and chances are that whoever is on the other end will start asking for your personal information right off the bat. Make sure you never give out personal information, like your social security or bank account numbers, until you’re confident that you have a real job offer. How can you evaluate whether the offer is real? First, you should make sure that the hiring manager works for an established company. The job advertisement should state the company name, rather than ask you to apply to a blind email address. Legitimate work from home jobs will have some sort of an application process, whether it requires an interview, samples of your work, or a mock project to evaluate your skills. Even if you don’t have to interview, you’ll probably need to share some examples of your experiences and skills. If you’re looking at a full-time remote job, then you’ll likely have a face-to-face interview over Skype or Google Hangouts. If you get an offer to make money from home without any kind of application process, then chances are that the job is not legitimate. A real job will also have some guidance on what kind of employee you are, whether you’re a W2 employee with benefits or are contributing as an independent contractor. If you’re an independent contractor, then you’ll eventually need a 1099 form from the employer to file your taxes. Ask the potential employer for this information on taxes both to learn more about the position and to gauge whether or not the job is a scam. Generally speaking, scams are easy to spot with their exaggerated promises and vague details. If you do your research, communicate with the employer, and still feel that something isn’t right, then you should trust your instincts. Make sure that you’re confident in a job offer before quitting your current job or giving away valuable personal information. Once you apply to a work from home job, get hired, and make the switch, what skills will you need to succeed as a remote worker? If an ad promises big bucks for little work, then it may be a scam. What Skills Do You Need to Work Remotely? If you’ve always held a job in a traditional work environment, then switching to remote work could be a big adjustment. There are both benefits and challenges to working remotely, and you should give them some serious consideration to decide whether working from home is right for you. These are the main features that could take some getting used to. #1: Communicating Online, Rather Than in Person First, working remotely is, to state the obvious, remote. You don’t have a team of co-workers to interact with directly on a daily basis. You may communicate throughout the day, but that interaction will likely be moved online and conducted through chat or email. Some people prefer this style of communication, but others could find it isolating. You also may need to work a little harder to stay connected to your team, as well as make sure you know how to use the technology to communicate. #2: Staying Motivated and Accountable Because you’re working remotely, you’ll have a lot of independence to direct your work. You’ll need to minimize distractions and figure out when, where, and how you’re most productive. You may need to come up with strategies to keep track of time, meet deadlines, and overcome procrastination. You’re largely responsible for creating your own routines and sticking to them. There are a lot of apps that can help you track your time and beat procrastination. Toggl, for instance, tracks your time so you know how many hours you’re spending on each project. Rescue Time will show you what fraction of each day you've spent clicking around Facebook or getting lost down a rabbit hole of YouTube videos. Trello and Evernote are easy-to-use apps for managing projects and recording ideas. Focus@will offers concentration-enhancing music or white noise, while StayFocused will temporarily block distracting websites while you work. There are lots of apps to help you stay accountable, but ultimately, you’re responsible for self-directing your work and managing your time. When you work remotely, you're responsible for directing your work and managing your time. #3: Filing Your Own Taxes As mentioned above, working remotely may involve working as an independent contractor. In this case, you’ll have to file your own taxes with a 1099 form. As an independent contractor, your employer won't withhold income, Social Security, or Medicare taxes. You’ll have to pay these taxes on your own. If you use a tax preparation software, like Turbo Tax, then you might have to pay an additional fee of about $30 to prepare your 1099 returns. The process isn’t all that complicated, but you’ll have to exercise financial self-control over the year. If you’re an independent contractor, you’ll need to save a portion of your earnings to pay taxes at the end of the tax season. #4: Taking Control of Your Career Path Finally, working from home may put more onus on you to plan your career trajectory. You may need to be more proactive about developing new skills and figuring out the next steps of your career. Before making the leap to working from home, think about the pros and cons that come along with the total independence of remote work. All that being said, working from home doesn’t have to mean that you’re working alone. Outside of any co-workers with whom you can chat online, you may also come across supportive communities of like-minded, remote-working peers. When you work remotely, you're largely on your own. You have to be proactive about forging the path toward your professional goals. Finding Communities While Working From Home Working online is getting more and more popular every year. There are lots of people that are dedicated to the remote lifestyle and share their thoughts and tips in online forums or in-person meet-ups and co-working spaces. For instance, HomeWithTheKids.com caters to parents who work at home. In addition to job postings, they host chat forums where parents can share their thoughts and ideas. Remote workers who strive to be â€Å"digital nomads,† or to work from anywhere in the world with an internet connection, organize meet-ups in various cities through websites like Meetup.com. There are even a few companies, like Remote Year and We Roam, that bring remote employees together to work and develop their skills while traveling to a new country every month. Many cities also offer co-working spaces, which remote workers can use when they want a break from their home office (or couch). Workbar, for instance, has locations throughout Boston for â€Å"growing start-ups, creative entrepreneurs, independent professionals, and enterprise teams.† Co-working spaces allow you to have freedom over your schedule and location while still connecting and learning from people across different industries. Whatever your niche, you’ll likely be able to find a forum online or offline with like-minded individuals interested in forging a supportive community. While some individuals work remotely 100% of the time, others split their schedule between home and an office. If you’d like to change your working arrangement, how could you broach this conversation with your boss? If you travel while you work, you can find communities of fellow digital nomads. Can You Work From Home in Your Current Job? Do you work online a lot of the time and want to divide your time between the office and home? While broaching the subject with your boss can be tough, it might be worth it to get the flexible schedule you desire. To switch to a split schedule, you need to show your boss that you can be just as reliable, productive, and dedicated at home as you are in the office. You should present a plan for how you’ll meet deadlines, produce high-quality work, and remain accessible. Show your boss that you can make the most of technology - email, Skype, Slack, Facetime, etc. - to stay connected. Whether you want to get rid of a rough commute, find your own quiet space, or simply feel more productive away from the 9 to 5 office chair, your reasons for wanting to work remotely are legitimate. You should communicate how working remotely would boost your productivity and help you bring value to your company. Employers are hearing and heeding the call for more flexible work arrangements. Hopefully, your employer will be open to the arrangement, too. In closing, let’s go over some final thoughts about work from home jobs and how to make the switch to remote employment. If you talk to your boss about a split schedule, she might be open to a more flexible work arrangement. Finding a Work From Home Job: Final Thoughts Working remotely all or part of the time is an increasingly popular trend that is only expected to grow in the future. According to Forbes, over 30 million people work from home at least once a week. Over three million professionals are entirely remote, and the majority of that group say they’re happier working from home. Remote working offers a great deal of flexibility, whether you’re freelancing and building a portfolio, holding a part-time job while being a stay-at-home parent, or working full-time for an established corporation or exciting new start-up. You can supplement your income with online projects or get full-time work with benefits that is 100% remote. Some professionals even travel the world while working and developing skills as a growing group of so-called digital nomads. Once a fringe movement, working from home is an increasingly popular, legitimate, and available option for anyone from entry-level employees to high-level executives. If working from home sounds like the right option for you, then search around for opportunities on a job search engine or head to a company's career page. You might land a great job that matches your professional skills and goals and gives you the freedom to work whenever and wherever you're most productive.